One theorist mentioned in lecture was Jurgen Habermas, he coined the tern the “the public sphere”. He was a German sociologist and philosopher in the tradition of critical theory. Habermas defined the public sphere as a theater in modern societies on which political participation is enacted through the medium of talk and realm of social life in which public opinion can be formed. (1962) The public sphere mediates between the private sphere and sphere of public authority. It is a site for production and circulation of discourses that can be critical of the state. The public sphere is distinct from the economy as in its discourse relations and not market relations. It is thought of as an essential of participatory democracy.
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